Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Critical thinking - Essay Example ‘Positive reinforcement’ is experienced when occurrence of an event happening after a response raises the probability of that response to take place another time. The event that is presented is something an organism likes or prefers, and can be referred to as appetitive stimulus. The organism will do nothing to evade the event or the appetitive stimulus because of love for it. Moreover, in ‘positive reinforcement’, a raise in a propensity to respond is the fact that is significant most rather than subjective traits. It is established that an outcome becomes a ‘positive reinforcement’ when it makes the response to happen again (Coon, Mitterer, Talbot & Vanchella, 2010). For example, I like to drink cold water, since I would want to take icy water regularly when feeling thirsty. Additionally, I have a passion of drawing and singing; hence, I find myself singing and drawing most of my free time over and over again. The type of reinforcement takes place when a response is expected to happen another time when an event is removed. It occurs when an outcome of an occurrence makes a person to get rid of the odious circumstances. It is imperative to notice that ‘negative reinforcement’ does not entirely refer to unfortunate events, but particularly refers to events that lead to taking away of something (Coon, Mitterer, Talbot & Vanchella, 2010). Examples of events of ‘negative reinforcement’ include watching a boring movie or listening to noise from a neighbor. An individual will walk away from a cinema hall when the movie he/she is watching becomes uninteresting and tedious. In the situation of irritating noise from a neighbor, I often settle on staying in my room to lessen the tone of the sound. ‘Positive punishment’ refers to the occurrence of an event, which occurs after a response that decreases the possibility of the response from happening yet again. It occurs when the response of the event leads to

Business, law, and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business, law, and ethics - Essay Example For instance, they let the company adopt the sell recommendation which is detrimental to the investors. Instead of playing their watchdog role, the gatekeepers failed to perform this function which led to the collapse of the company. The gatekeepers also failed to detect securities fraud as it took place at Enron. This contributed to the collapse of the company. The euphoria in the market made the gatekeepers less relevant thereby overlooking their work. This compromised their credibility since it resulted in the downfall of the company. Regardless of the market conditions prevailing at an given moment, it is imperative for the gatekeepers to make sure that they perform their expected duties so as to safeguard the investors’ money. Failure to adhere to their stated goals may result in fraud activities being committed by the directors of the organization concerned. This is what happened at Enron since the directors engaged in unethical practices that resulted in the downfall of the company. There is also need for the gatekeepers to preserve their reputational capital so as to ensure that their clients are operating within the expected framework. However, in this case, it can be seen that the gatekeepers’ reputational capital slackened and this resulted in them failing to perform their expected duties. This compromised the performance of the company and it contributed to its downfall. Once the gatekeepers have been reluctant in their operations, they may not be able to detect problems that may impact negatively on the operations of the company. the monitoring function of the gatekeeper is meant to ensure that things such as fraud are not committed by the company executives in their operations. The case of Enron also shows that the gatekeepers did not perform their obligations to monitor the operations of Enron. In order to prevent such a situation from happening again in the future, it is imperative for the gatekeepers to